To achieve a comfortable stay in the house during the winter period, it is necessary to think about warming even at the construction stage. This will prevent the penetration of cold air into the room and ensure compliance with temperature and humidity conditions. Warming of a frame house can be done by yourself. Step-by-step instructions for each type of structure are given below.
Why is it necessary to insulate a house
Using thermal protection of structures in contact with cold air, the following problems can be solved:
- condensation from inside the premises;
- the appearance of dampness, mold and fungus;
- increase in heating costs;
- non-compliance with the temperature regime of the living room and a decrease in the comfort of living in it.
In addition, the competent technology of warming frame houses can extend the life of the main building structures.
Materials for thermal protection
Home insulation can be carried out using the following materials:
- mineral wool;
- Styrofoam;
- extruded polystyrene foam;
- polyurethane foam.
These are the most effective materials, but in addition to them, sawdust or expanded clay can be used for some designs. Protection of the house with mineral wool is quite widespread, then it will be considered in more detail. You can find out about insulation with expanded polystyrene and expanded polystyrene in the article “Thermal insulation of a frame house with expanded polystyrene”.
Types of mineral wool
There are two classifications of this insulation. The first is based on the raw materials used for the manufacture of:
- basalt;
- glass;
- slag.
The most popular was the insulation of the walls of the frame house and other structures with basalt mineral wool.
The second classification is based on the form of release of insulation:
- hard plates;
- roll material.
It is worth noting that glass wool is only available in rolls.
Rigid slabs capable of withstanding fairly high loads are suitable for floors. Warming of the walls of a frame house can be carried out with the help of both plates and rolls. For an attic roof, it is best to use plate material. This will allow you to easily carry out mineral wool insulation between the rafters.
The warmed designs of the frame house
Before warming a frame house, it is necessary to determine which structures require this additional event.
With your own hands, you can protect the following building elements from cold:
- floor of the first floor;
- attic floor (if the attic is cold);
- attic roof;
- exterior walls.
Do-it-yourself insulation work can be carried out both externally and internally. It is best to mount thermal insulation between the racks, as this will ensure the competent work of the material. Warming a wooden house with mineral wool from the inside of the wall will greatly simplify the work and allow you to carry out activities in all weather conditions.
An external insulation scheme is possible if the insulation on the inside is not sufficient and additional insulation is required. Features:
- the external thermal insulation material should not create a vapor barrier. Otherwise, the resulting condensate from water vapor will accumulate between the two layers of insulation, which is fraught with the formation of mold and fungus;
- house wall thickening
Based on the foregoing, it follows that the thermal protection of a wooden house outside with mineral wool should be carried out only in exceptional cases, when the scheme from the inside is not applicable.
Wall insulation
To guarantee a comfortable stay during the winter period, it is important to take care of the thermal protection of the walls. To reliably insulate the walls with basalt or other cotton wool on the outside with your own hands, you need two-layer insulation. Stick to the following layer order:
- interior decoration;
- vapor barrier;
- mineral wool insulation (2 layers with offset racks);
- windproof membrane;
- OSB-3 on the crate;
- exterior decoration of the facade.
It is important to remember that the application scheme of this type of insulation requires the presence of a ventilated layer with a thickness of at least 4 cm. This is necessary due to the high hygroscopicity of the material. In order for the insulation to maintain its operational characteristics, it is necessary to remove excess moisture from its surface. This is achieved by circulating cold air outside the surface of the mineral wool.
Most often, the technology of wall insulation of a frame house is the following scheme: the material is not laid on either side, but between the racks of the frame. This allows you to reduce the total wall thickness and significantly reduce the time of construction of the building. Minvata is fixed between the racks of the frame, after which the lining is performed on both sides.
Vapor barrier and wind protection during the do-it-yourself work are located similarly to the previous cases: protection against steam is inside, and wind protection is outside.
With thermal protection of the walls from the inside under the curtain wall, the order of the layers is as follows:
- interior decoration;
- vapor barrier;
- mineral wool;
- superdiffusion membrane;
- wall construction;
- facade decoration.
Floor insulation
For a wooden frame house, beams overlap are characteristic. When arranging thermal insulation with your own hands, insulation plates are laid between the supporting structures of the floor. You can also use roll materials, but for their spreading, preliminary installation of the lower crate or continuous flooring will be required.
When insulating mineral wool in the form of hard plates, it is better to take the step of wooden floor beams so that 580 mm remains clean between them. This will ensure maximum convenience with 600 mm wide slabs and complete filling of the space with insulating material.
Read more about insulation of mineral wool ceilings.
When doing this yourself, you need to remember that vapor barrier is located inside the room, and waterproofing from the side of cold air. In the case of interfloor ceilings, steam protection should be provided from the ceiling.
Read more on the insulation of attic floors.
It is also important to remember that when working with any type of mineral wool it is better to prevent particles of material from getting on the skin and lungs. To do this, it is best to use gloves and a mask. Workers should also have special clothing that completely covers their arms and legs.
Insulation of the pitched roof
DIY installation technology is similar to ceilings. The rafter pitch, as in the previous case, is selected in compliance with the distance in the light of 580 mm.
The work is performed in the following order:
- installation of the rafter system;
- laying a waterproofing layer over the rafters;
- thermal insulation;
- installation of vapor barrier;
- upper and lower crate;
- laying of roofing material;
- interior decoration of the ceiling.
Read more about attic insulation.
Preparatory work
Before properly insulating the frame house, it is necessary to prepare the surface. To do this, carry out simple activities:
- processing of all structures of a wooden house with the help of antiseptic compounds to prevent damage to them by various microorganisms;
- surface cleaning from dirt and dust;
- elimination of significant irregularities.
These simple manipulations with your own hands will allow you to provide the heater with a reliable fit to the structures and the longest possible long service life.