Sometimes for redevelopment in an apartment or a private house, you need to make a new door or window opening. Creating an opening in the bearing wall of an apartment building is not an easy task. Things are easier with the redevelopment in a private house, here everyone is his own master.
What is a doorway? This is a hole in the wall for installing input units. A fixed fixed element in the inter-wall space is called a door frame. Often, an arch is made as a decorating element of the interior.
Doorway device in a supporting brick wall
Before starting work, you must contact a specialist who will make a demonstration project with all the calculations based on the wishes of the client. For the implementation of the project significant costs are needed, which start from the amount of 30 thousand rubles. So if you get down to business, you need to provide for a lot. Independent work on the device of the doorway will help the owner save money - this will cost about 15 thousand rubles.
When arranging an inter-wall opening, it is recommended to consider the following points:
- It must comply with building codes;
- position the hole preferably in the central part of the supporting structure;
- the coincidence of the upper part with the cement joint of the masonry is necessary;
- interstitial space up to 0.9 m wide does not need reinforcement operations.
When creating inter-wall space in the supporting wall, you need to correctly create a reinforcement. Important when changing the design of the walls is the safety of life of other residents of the apartment building and the preservation of the structure of the building itself.
Work order
First of all, it is necessary to determine the place of organization of additional space for entry and exit. It all starts with markup. You need to determine the width of the hole, and then start with a pencil to determine its future location. From the outer wall you need to measure the distance and make a mark - from here we begin to draw the outline of the future interior wall space.
A thick wall structure is cut from two sides, so marking will also be necessary on the reverse side.
For their exact match, it is necessary to drill several holes using pencil marking (Fig. 1). And then on the other side connect all the holes with a pencil line.
The above manipulations should be carried out when using the building level, triangle and ruler.
Since we will make space in the bearing wall of a brick house, it is necessary to take care of auxiliary partitions and jumpers in advance (Fig. 2).
Removing a wall section
Before starting work, it is necessary to free the supporting wall structure from the plaster layer along the drawn line so that the masonry joints are visible. However, it is necessary to remove the plaster very carefully, because most likely, there is wiring under it - damage can lead to the failure of the entire power supply system.
When the seams at the site of the future empty space will be visible, you can begin to work. It is necessary to start removing bricks from the very top. First, the top row of bricks is removed, which will be the width of the entire door space. A jumper is inserted here on which the structure will be held.
Next, more holes are made over the jumper. It is necessary to mount a beam into the resulting hole, which will serve as a support. The support beam must be supported with a jack so that the structure does not collapse during operation. The beam and jack will hold the weight of the entire wall structure (Fig. 3).
Then all the holes are lubricated with a solution of concrete. After the concrete has dried, you can continue to work on knocking out bricks.
Reinforce the structure with a width of the door space of more than one meter.
To protect the floor from falling bricks, it is necessary to make the flooring from the boards. Bricks should be removed with diamond drills to minimize damage to the wall structure.
Violation of the technology for removing bricks can lead to weakening of the structure, its premature wear and deformation.
It should be noted that the space under the door must be done 10-20 centimeters more than the door or window frame. This gap can be filled with foam.
Opening reinforcement
Work on strengthening takes the maximum amount of time, as they are painstakingly performed. Organized empty space under the door or arch must be reinforced with channels. It is advisable to use a channel jumper with uprights. Channel bars are mounted on both sides, which are screwed into the previously installed wooden lintel using bolts (Fig. 4).
If the space in the wall structure has a large width, then it is reinforced not only in the upper part, but also on the sides (Fig. 5).
How to determine the bearing wall in a brick house?
The most elementary way to determine the supporting wall is to familiarize yourself with the plan of the living space. Such a plan is mandatory in the data sheet or home book. To understand the diagrams and drawings, you need to have small drawing skills. Experience in construction would not be superfluous. Then you can easily distinguish a supporting wall from an ordinary partition.
Typically, interior walls have a thickness of not more than 18 centimeters.The smallest thickness of the supporting wall is 38 centimeters - masonry of three bricks. Four-brick masonry is possible, which forms a wall with a thickness of 51 centimeters. Often the wall thickness in brick houses is 64 centimeters - five-brick masonry (Fig. 6).
If the plan could not be found, then it is worth using the general rules for determining the load-bearing walls in the house:
- if the walls are facing the street, we can definitely say that they are supporting;
- walls shared with neighbors;
- wall thickness more than 380 mm, as mentioned earlier;
- walls facing the landing.
Exterior finish
After completion of the work on forming an opening in a brick supporting wall, everything needs to be decoratively finished (Fig. 7). What is needed for this? First of all, you need to decide on the choice of finishing material. Whether it is wood, plastic or decorative stone is up to you. Next, you need to show a little imagination and create decorating elements in the formed space of a brick wall.
For independent cladding, you should have basic knowledge in the field of decorating, and you also need a special tool.
If you need to arrange the space under the door without its presence, then it is worth using additional boards. This will add elegance to your new room design and add sophistication to the interior. You can create such a cladding yourself.
The opening made in the form of an arch looks beautiful. As a rule, arches are round or lancet forms. To determine the shape of the arch to the client, check out the design catalogs. The most common today is the Byzantine and Greek style. In some cases, the arch can be made with backlight.